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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (, ) is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay, first described by Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann in 1971. The assay uses a solid-phase type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using antibodies directed against the protein to be measured. ELISA has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine, plant pathology, and biotechnology, as well as a quality control check in various industries. In the most simple form of an ELISA, antigens from the sample to be tested are attached to a surface. Then, a matching antibody is applied over the surface so it can bind the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme and then any unbound antibodies are removed. In the final step, a substance containing the enzyme's substrate is added. If there was binding, the subsequent reaction produces a detectable signal, most commonly a color change. Performing an ELISA involves at least one antibody with specificity for a particular antigen. The sample with an unknown amount of antigen is immobilized on a solid support (usually a polystyrene microtiter plate) either non-specifically (via adsorption to the surface) or specifically (via capture by another antibody specific to the same antigen, in a "sandwich" ELISA). After the antigen is immobilized, the detection antibody is added, forming a complex with the antigen. The detection antibody can be covalently linked to an enzyme or can itself be detected by a secondary antibody that is linked to an enzyme through bioconjugation. Between each step, the plate is typically washed with a mild detergent solution to remove any proteins or antibodies that are non-specifically bound. After the final wash step, the plate is developed by adding an enzymatic substrate to produce a visible signal, which indicates the quantity of antigen in the sample. Of note, ELISA can perform other forms of ligand binding assays instead of strictly "immuno" assays, though the name carried the original "immuno" because of the common use and history of development of this method. The technique essentially requires any ligating reagent that can be immobilized on the solid phase along with a detection reagent that will bind specifically and use an enzyme to generate a signal that can be properly quantified. In between the washes, only the ligand and its specific binding counterparts remain specifically bound or "immunosorbed" by antigen-antibody interactions to the solid phase, while the nonspecific or unbound components are washed away. Unlike other spectrophotometric wet lab assay formats where the same reaction well (e.g., a cuvette) can be reused after washing, the ELISA plates have the reaction products immunosorbed on the solid phase, which is part of the plate, and so are not easily reusable.
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Albums by ElisaSort:By AlbumA - Z
Secret Diaries [2019]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
A Parallel World | 3:04 |
Vivere Tutte Le Vite [2019]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Vivere Tutte Le Vite | 3:40 |
Diari Aperti [2018]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Se Piovesse Il Tuo Nome | 3:22 |
Tua Per Sempre | 3:27 |
L' Estate È Già Fuori | 3:20 |
Con Te Mi Sento Così | 3:03 |
Vivere Tutte Le Vite | 3:47 |
Duets/Duets Forever: Tutti cantano Cristina [2018]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Memole dolce Memole | 3:11 |
Se Piovesse Il Tuo Nome [2018]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Se Piovesse Il Tuo Nome | 3:22 |
Soundtrack 97-17 [2017]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Labyrinth | 4:58 |
A Feast for Me | 5:13 |
Gift | 4:19 |
Luce (tramonti a nord est) | 4:24 |
Heaven out of hell | 4:55 |
Dancing | 5:34 |
Broken | 4:21 |
Together | 4:23 |
Una poesia anche per te (Life Goes On) | 5:16 |
Swan | 4:13 |
Gli ostacoli del cuore | 4:28 |
Eppure sentire (un senso di te) | 4:13 |
Stay | 4:11 |
Qualcosa che non c'è | 4:38 |
Ti vorrei sollevare | 4:28 |
Anche se non trovi le parole | 4:05 |
Someone to love | 3:33 |
Nostalgia | 4:56 |
Sometime ago | 4:25 |
Love is requited | 3:39 |
L' Anima vola | 4:05 |
Ancora qui | 4:57 |
Pagina bianca | 3:50 |
Un Filo di seta negli abissi | 3:38 |
A modo tuo | 5:21 |
Love me forever | 3:17 |
Bruciare per te | 4:56 |
Almeno tu nell'universo | 4:09 |
(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay | 2:49 |
Redemption Song | 5:22 |
Hallelujah | 7:26 |
Femme Fatale | 4:40 |
Wild Horses | 5:41 |
Mad World | 5:16 |
1979 | 4:23 |
Pour que l'amour me quitte | 3:16 |
Ho messo via | 3:51 |
I never came | 4:24 |
One | 5:48 |
Bridge Over Troubled Water | 4:54 |
The Very Best of Richard Clayderman [USM] [2017]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Bridge Over Trouble Water | 3:07 |
Vietato Morire [2017]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Piccola anima | 3:41 |
Love 2016 [2016]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Una poesia anche per te | 5:15 |
NRJ Dance Hits 2016 [2016]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
No Hero | 4:13 |
NRJ Summer Hits Only 2016 [2016]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
No Hero | 4:13 |
On [2016]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Bad Habits | 3:44 |
Rain Over My Head | 3:58 |
Love Me Forever | 3:16 |
Love as a Kinda War | 3:29 |
Hold on for a Minute | 3:08 |
Waste Your Time on Me | 3:06 |
With the Hurt | 4:24 |
Catch the Light | 3:17 |
Peter Pan | 3:19 |
Ready Now | 3:55 |
Bruciare per te | 4:56 |
Sorrido già | 4:11 |
Strada in Mezzo al Cielo [2016]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Destinazione Paradiso | 3:46 |
L' Anima Vola [2013]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Lontano da qui | 4:21 |
Pagina bianca | 3:49 |
Un filo di seta negli abissi | 3:37 |
L'anima vola | 4:03 |
Maledetto labirinto | 5:28 |
E scopro cos'è la felicità | 4:43 |
A modo tuo | 5:20 |
Specchio riflesso | 4:08 |
Ancora qui | 4:56 |
Non fa niente ormai | 4:58 |
Ecco che | 3:53 |
Radio Italia Duets: Le Star Inseeme [2013]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Gli ostacoli del cuore | 4:26 |
Ti vorrei sollevare | 4:26 |
Django Unchained [Clean] [2012]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Ancora Qui | 5:08 |
Italia Loves Emilia: Il Concerto [2012]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Ti vorrei sollevare | 4:53 |
Labyrinth | 4:09 |
Gli ostacoli del cuore | 8:11 |
Someday This Pain Will Be Useful to You [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack] [2012]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Love Is Requited | 3:39 |
Apologize [Instrumental] | |
Apologize - Instrumental Version [Instrumental] | 2:01 |
Love Is Requited (Remix) | 3:23 |
Steppin' on Water [2012]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Love Is Requited | 3:39 |
Nostalgia | 3:28 |
Lullaby | 4:12 |
I Never Came | 4:25 |
Dancing | 5:23 |
Un Giorno Questo Dolore Ti Sara' Utile [2012]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Love is Requited | 3:38 |
Apologize [Instrumental Version] [Instrumental] | 2:01 |
Love Is Requited [2011]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Love Is Requited | 3:37 |
Casa 69 [2010]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Basta Così | 5:59 |
Ivy [2010]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Lullaby | 4:11 |
Sometime Ago | 4:24 |
Ti Vorrei Sollevare | 4:28 |
Una Poesia Anche Per Te [Life Goes On] | 5:21 |
Nostalgia | 4:54 |
Qualcosa Che Non C'e' | 5:19 |
Rainbow | 4:30 |
Gli Ostacoli Del Cuore | 4:24 |
1979 | 4:22 |
Pour Que L'amour Me Quitte | 3:15 |
Anche Tu, Anche Se [Non Trovi Le Parole] | 5:16 |
It Is What It is | 4:22 |
Eppure Sentire (Un Senso Di Te) | 3:40 |
Ho Messo Via | 3:50 |
I Never Came | 4:23 |
Special Edition [2010]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Basta Così | 5:59 |
Heart [2009]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Vortexes | 3:36 |
And All I Need | 4:57 |
Anche Se Non Trovi Le Parole | 4:04 |
This Knot | 3:22 |
Mad World | 5:15 |
Ti Vorrei Sollevare | 4:32 |
Your Manifesto | 3:18 |
Someone To Love | 3:32 |
Poems By God | 3:51 |
Coincidences | 4:05 |
Lisert | 6:34 |
Dot In the Universe | 4:37 |
Dancing [2008]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
The Waves | 4:21 |
Dancing | 5:36 |
Stranger | 3:57 |
Rock Your Soul | 5:05 |
Broken | 4:21 |
A Little Over Zero | 5:04 |
City Lights | 3:54 |
Rainbow | 5:01 |
Life Goes On | 5:17 |
Electricity | 4:13 |
Yashal | 5:28 |
Hallelujah | 7:29 |
Dancing [Edit] | 3:36 |
Stay | 4:13 |
Una Poesia Anche Per Te | 5:14 |
Qualcosa Che Non C'e' | 4:38 |
Dancing [Bonus Track] [2008]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
The Waves | 4:20 |
Dancing | 5:36 |
Stranger | 3:54 |
Broken | 4:20 |
A Little Over Zero | 5:00 |
City Lights | 3:53 |
Rainbow | 4:59 |
Rock Your Soul | 5:04 |
Life Goes On | 5:15 |
Electricity | 4:11 |
Yashal | 5:26 |
Hallelujah | 7:24 |
Wild Horses [Itunes Exclusive] | 5:40 |
Vivere: Live in Tuscany [2008]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
La Voce Del Silenzio | 5:02 |
Asile's World [2007]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Asile's World [Bedroom Rockers Remix] | 3:39 |
Asile's World [Instrumental] | 3:42 |
Broken [2007]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Broken | 4:23 |
(Sittin On) The Dock of the Bay | 2:49 |
Redemption Song | 5:23 |
Caterpillar [2007]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Stay | 4:11 |
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) | 4:26 |
Gli Ostacoli del Cuore | 4:29 |
Broken | 4:19 |
Heaven out of Hell | 4:55 |
Qualcosa Che Non C'È | 4:37 |
Swan | 4:54 |
Eppure Sentire (Un Senso di Te) [Remix] | 3:38 |
Electricity | 4:32 |
Rainbow | 4:58 |
Rock Your Soul | 5:05 |
The Waves | 4:20 |
Wild Horses | 5:40 |
Gift: The Remixes [2007]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Gift | 8:10 |
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) [2007]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) | 4:24 |
Come Speak to Me | 4:25 |
Asile's World [Bedroom Rockers Remix] | 3:40 |
Teach Me Again [2007]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Teach Me Again [Elisa Version] | 4:42 |
Soundtrack '96-'06 [2006]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Stay | 4:10 |
Gli Ostacoli del Cuore | 4:26 |
Broken | 4:20 |
Swan | 4:12 |
Labyrinth | 4:57 |
Together | 4:21 |
Gift | 4:18 |
Almeno Tu Nell' Universo | 4:08 |
Heaven out of Hell | 4:53 |
Dancing | 5:33 |
Una Poesia Anche Per Te [Life Goes on Club Mix] | 5:14 |
A Feast for Me | 5:11 |
Sleeping in Your Hand [Mark Saunders RMX] | 3:43 |
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) | 4:23 |
Rainbow [Bedroom Rockers RMX] | 4:07 |
Eppure Sentire (Un Senso di Te) | 4:12 |
Qualcosa Che Non C'È | 4:39 |
Tutto Berté [WEA Italy] [2006]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Amici Non Ne Ho | 3:40 |
Basi Mus X Teenag [2005]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Waves |
Cocktail of Musical Bases [2005]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Almeno Tu Nell'universo |
Je T'Aime, Vol. 4 [2005]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Luce (Tramonti a Nord est) |
Musical Bases: Reality Music [2005]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Together |
Lotus [2004]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Hallelujah | 7:26 |
Rock Your Soul | 4:52 |
Broken | 4:22 |
Femme Fatale | 4:41 |
Sleeping in Your Hand | 5:46 |
Labyrinth | 4:56 |
Beautiful Night | 5:38 |
Almeno Tu Nell' Universo | 4:53 |
Almeno Tu Nell'universo | 4:54 |
Electricity | 4:11 |
The Marriage | 4:35 |
Yashal | 5:28 |
Stranger | 4:39 |
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) | 4:28 |
Gift | 3:59 |
Interlude | 3:43 |
A Prayer | 4:35 |
Pearl Days [2004]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Together | 4:22 |
Bitter Words | 3:18 |
Pearl Days | 4:21 |
Life Goes On | 5:15 |
Joy | 3:27 |
Written in Your Eyes | 4:08 |
City Lights | 3:53 |
In the Green | 4:52 |
The I Know | 4:11 |
The Waves | 4:10 |
Una Poesia Anche Per Te | 5:15 |
Pearl Days [Bonus Track] [2004]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Together | 4:22 |
Bitter Words | 3:18 |
Pearl Days | 4:21 |
Life Goes On | 5:15 |
Joy | 3:25 |
Written in Your Eyes | 4:08 |
City Lights | 3:53 |
In the Green | 4:52 |
I Know | 4:11 |
The Waves | 4:04 |
Una Poesia Anche Per Te | 5:14 |
Festivalbar 2003: Compilation Rossa [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Almeno Tu Nell'universo | 4:09 |
Platinum Sanremo [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Destinazione Paradiso | 3:50 |
Tora! Tora! Compilation 2003 [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Rock Your Soul |
All the Hits 2002 [2002]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Heaven out of Hell | 4:56 |
Asile's World [2001]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) | 4:24 |
Gift | 4:20 |
Chameleon | 4:15 |
Asile's World | 3:50 |
Happiness is Home | 4:55 |
Seven Times | 4:35 |
Upside Down | 4:10 |
A Little Over Zero | 5:01 |
Creature | 4:05 |
Just Some Order | 3:29 |
Come and Sit | 4:36 |
Happiness Is Home [Elisa's Remix] | 4:24 |
Tic Tac | 4:23 |
Little Eye | 4:25 |
Come Speak to Me | 4:25 |
Sanremo 2001 [2001]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) | 4:22 |
Then Comes the Sun [2001]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Rainbow | 5:01 |
Heaven Out of Hell | 4:55 |
Dancing | 5:36 |
Fever | 4:19 |
Stranger | 3:54 |
A Little Over Zero | 5:30 |
Time | 3:56 |
Fairy Girl | 5:01 |
The Window | 1:40 |
Rock Your Soul | 5:03 |
It Is What It Is | 3:49 |
Simplicity | 8:25 |
Then Comes the Sun [Bonus Track] [2001]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Rainbow | 5:02 |
Heaven out of Hell | 4:56 |
Dancing | 5:37 |
Fever | 4:20 |
Stranger | 3:54 |
A Little Over Zero | 5:31 |
Time | 3:57 |
Fairy Girl | 5:02 |
The Window | 1:40 |
Rock Your Soul | 5:03 |
It Is What It Is | 3:50 |
Simplicity | 2:09 |
Rainbow Bells | 4:56 |
Festivalbar 2000: Compilation Rossa [2000]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Gift | 4:22 |
Decisamente Loredana [1999]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Amici Non Ne Ho |
Il Giorno Perfetto [1999]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Destinazione Paradiso | 4:39 |
Pipes & Flowers [1998]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Labyrinth | 4:59 |
Mr. Want | 4:13 |
Sleeping in Your Hand | 4:24 |
Shadow Zone | 4:16 |
A Feast for Me | 5:13 |
So Delicate So Pure | 3:44 |
New Kiss | 5:02 |
Tell Me | 5:07 |
The Marriage | 4:21 |
Inside a Flower | 5:26 |
Sleeping in Your Hand (Mark Saunders Remix) | 3:45 |
Cure Me [*] | 3:31 |
Cure Me | 3:31 |
Destinazione Paradiso [Ils International] [1995]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Destinazione Paradiso | 3:49 |
Amiche Per l'Abruzzo
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Quello Che Le Donne Non Dicono | |
E Poi | |
Stay | |
Gli Ostacoli Del Cuore | |
Tra Te E il Mare |
Basi Musicali: In Tonalità Originale
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Gli Ostacoli Del Cuore | 4:20 |
Eppure Sentire (Un Senso Di Te) | 4:13 |
Together | 4:28 |
Almeno tu Nell'Universo | 4:12 |
Broken | 4:17 |
The Waves | 4:04 |
Electricity | 4:08 |
Heaven Out of Hell | 4:55 |
Labyrinth | 4:59 |
Luce (Tramonti a Nord Est) | 4:25 |
Mr. Want | 4:17 |
New Kiss | 4:57 |
Shadow Zone | 3:59 |
Sleeping in Your Hand | 4:23 |
Duets Forever: Tutti Cantano Cristina
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Memole dolce Memole | 3:11 |
Festivalbar 2005: Rossa
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Una Poesia Anche Per Te |
Le 101 Canzoni Della Storia del Pop
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Luce (Tramonti A Nord Est) | 4:22 |
Time
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Time [Album Version] [Version] | 3:56 |
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